Biodiesel from Jatropha

biodiesel technology, mining and petroleum, alternative energy, petroleum and distance

Jatropha (Jatropha oil) has recently started presenting many as an alternative source of biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced from seeds of jatropha oil that normally grow in tropical regions like Indonesia. And studies of the oil produced from these plants in the following discussion, it seems a diesel substitute.
Distance Tamanan jatropha "
Jatropha is the production of biodiesel from jatropha plants, which in English is called "Physics Nut" with a species of jatropha, a plant that is often mistakenly identified with the distance of plants in English is called " a species of castor bean, Ricinus communis.
Both plants are from families of plant classification (family), which is the same, "Euphorbiaceae". None of the classification of plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, is known locally as the plant from Indonesia. jatropha as "sex" in the classification of 12 species of plants, all in a name known locally as "Jatropha".
Besides being known as same room facilities spacing Physics Nut "and" Castor Bean 'is here, mostly in tropical regions like Indonesia, although both types of plants can be obtained from the seeds and extracting oil. Spacing between plants only "Castor Bean" is often associated with the production of ricin poison is very dangerous and is widely used for cancer research, while the biodiesel plant "biofuels closer spacing of information" Physic Nut "or". Although the name of the place, of course, the two units differ greatly both in the form of plant morphology and the resulting oil.
Castor oil in the engine
In mid-2004, DaimlerChrysler, one of the leaders in the automotive industry, successfully tested the use of biomass fuels BTL (for liquids), the first Mercedes-Benz C-Series (Mercedes-Benz C 220, ed.) Distance 5900 km Role of extreme conditions in India (India Daily, 07/19/2004). The fuel is then given the trade name SunDiesel derived from castor oil and is one of DaimlerChrysler to develop a biodiesel program.
The benefits of castor oil as an alternative fuel, in fact, has long been known. For example, through a revised edition published by Gübitz et al (1999) of the journal Bioresource Technology 67, said that the year 1997, the Austrian group, the results of tests of castor oil, posted on a series of diesel engines. Within these observations also said that long before the trial was conducted in 1982, researchers in Japan have also obtained satisfactory results in tests of motor performance when using castor oil in Thailand.
Jatropha oil development in Indonesia
Jatropha oil development in Indonesia through a scientific approach, developed by Dr. Robert Manurung teknologia Institute of Bandung (ITB) since 1997, focusing on the extraction of Jatropha oil. Since 2004, this study was funded by the Mitsubishi Research Institute (MIRI) and the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development (NEDO), Japan (Kompas, 05/12/2005).
Faced with the crisis of fuel shortages and rising fuel prices in Indonesia, the government began to explore alternative sources of energy. Castor oil is beginning to attract serious attention from the government. Once set in motion by the ABI was followed by the IPB, and then with the central government agency, who is a friend and local governments, as the provincial government. East Nusa Tenggara, the state government. West Nusa Tenggara, Pemkab. And Purwakarta Regency Government. Indramayu and public companies such as PT. Pertamina, PT. PLN and PT. Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (RNI), which work together to develop the castor oil as an alternative fuel. Vocational High School does not lose all sectors of agriculture, the development of the castor oil to take to develop alternative fuels.
Possibility
At least one of optimism in the market for castor oil may be totally open, with the emergence of a declaration of Pertamina President Director of Pertamina, which stipulates that the oil is ready for the distance from the public for the processing and biodiesel (www.pertamina . com, 08/18 / 2005) of housing. Japan also pledged in the Kyoto Protocol for alternative energy products are ready to buy castor oil

Press the remote communication with the "IP Phone"

Unlike our values. communication costs in Japan this time of year in 90 years of age, if the cost per call of 3 minutes was 10 yen, so that the time of long distance calls just 7.5 yen per three minutes for calls International Thefore until 2001. For calls from Japan to Indonesia, about seven minutes, costs about 1000 yen, 1000 yen, but now we can have a conversation Japan - Indonesia for 120 minutes.
There are many factors that cause costs. Communication in Japan is more expensive. The only role of government itself. The telecommunications giant NTT to order on line monopoly this order is issued after the strangulation Japanese experience in the development of broadband technology, ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband technology in Japan until 2001. Range and the neighboring South Korea in 2001, the number of ADSL users in ginseng to 1.5 million in 8000, although it is not just Japan's NTT offer the opportunity to Thep. menggunakancooper ADSL to maintain activity with an ISDN connection to the Internet, at the opening of a place in this line of NTT Cooper, appearing like mushrooms growing provider of ADSL broadband services connected with low cost and with minimum a 5. Mbps (ADSL speeds up to 50Mbps current example).
The rapid development of ADSL technology enables the development of IT in Japan soon. The variety of services in broadband network access, which occur, particularly in the VoIP (Voice over IP), in which the source IP telephony and Internet Protocol communications. As for the development of ADSL before the development of IP phones are not smooth as expected. Because of the challenges posed by NTT contrast with the implementation of IP - service companies will work to NTT Communications is possible during the month of March 2003 IP Phone provides voice communication officer in Japan, providing a range of specific IP numbers. with the prefix 050 phonepelanggan broadband giant Yahoo (Yahoo BB) and before the merger IP phone in Japan in 2002 on charges of using Yahoo BB to let long-distance rates for local and durable slate. 7.5 yen per three minutes.
Notice different sounds to use copper telephone lines. (Fixed) IP Phone uses the Internet as a medium. voice communications from one place to another linememelukan. The negotiations between operators using the same operation interface for operators of liquor and final destination. Operators of long distance communication link more. This is what is needed. Communication becomes expensive. When low (internal communication) and costs less. Rather, the use of distance (great moment for international communication), so the cost increase. Phonesama the other with voice communications over IP are independent of the operators mentioned above. Why the media is a network. Internet. While we are connected. Internet, we can communicate without worrying about the cost of communication that are overloaded.
The IP phone has two aspects of communication such as Internet Phone danIP phone. If the data in the form of sound, in the form of packets sent over the Internet, called Internet Phone If the voice packets are sent. Special Internet Network ISP (Internet Service Provider, ed.), Then this is called IP phone real.
Thep things taken by your IP Phone is a matter of sound quality. The Internet and Mobile IP Phonesama together through the Internet would be seriously affected by traffic conditions (traffic) on the Internet, and when trafficinternet. Time, space and better sound. But beyond the sound quality. incompatible with the sound quality of IP phone license ITU (International Telecommunication Union) should be Delaydan MOS value (average of observations) of at least 4.0 and delay time (delay time) for 100 ms.