Infrastructure business in recent years as the central theme is MIS. Information Technology Infrastructure, such as the ability of companies kebutuhan two IT infrastructure use, and it is an important strategy that enables the introduction of innovative systems, reduce costs and competitive advantage tool for a compromise set-back, the service to improve and increase market power to achieve to win new business can offer. Information Technology Infrastructure requires companies to measure the effectiveness of further changes to verify advantage of these new technologies. IT infrastructure, we need to change business processes to consumer needs in order to meet the needs of the current strategy to comply.
Information Technology Infrastructure can be defined as the basic fundamental skills in information technology. Technology within the technical capabilities (equipment, software and cable), and the manpower to ensure reliable operation. Same companies, infrastructure and IT infrastructure can be profitable business processes with the following advantages to enhance innovation. It is effective for production in terms of how the IT infrastructure and human change. This efficiency is remarkable qualities of understanding, you can measure the human experience of IT infrastructure for the implementation of education and information technology. It is described as a flexible information technology. Flexibility, the company effectively, you can use the external environment in the organization is a source of opportunities to achieve a good competition. The flexibility of this infrastructure, the ability to identify vulnerable to external changes and innovation is important for a quick response.
Systems Weil and Broadbent (1996), IT infrastructure, information maintained by a group of normal functioning, and basic business applications of computer technology is used to build image as the basis for the following requirements:
IT Infrastructure
Now is the most important assets, such as computer and communication technologies are readily available on the market at the most basic level of computer components. The second layer consists of a range of services: management of large volumes of data scale processing, electronic data interchange (EDI) capabilities to ensure that businesses throughout the database management. Part of the human infrastructure is a combination of knowledge, information technology, basic level of information technology infrastructure services, skills and experience have changed. Thus the human element of IT infrastructure, information infrastructure, technologies and services, you can rely on changes in information infrastructure. Investment and use of IT infrastructure in use in the business of the bank accounts, sales analysis, and billing systems, such as the discovery of the real input.
The Duncan (1995) Size 4 aspects of human technology infrastructure, such a proposal (a) management experience in information technology and knowledge, (2) skills and knowledge of business functional (3), and relational capabilities (4) knowledge and experience. Development of information technology, and how effectively involving technology and skills, knowledge, profitability, business strategies to achieve them. We all know changing business environment and the functional level, the ability of business and entrepreneurial skills to work. Communicate with employees in interpersonal skills for effective operation and skills, including working in a collaborative environment, functions, project manager. Knowledge and Skills (the power and technology, the degree of information technology to assess the work of the organization, programming languages, database management systems, networks, communication, etc.).
Pratik mercure Genjot non-assurance des véhicules
Mercury primes d'assurance Pratika cherchant the Maximiser les recettes en dehors du produit d'assurance automobile afin of poursuivre l'objectif de production à la fin de l'année devrait prime DePass 450 milliards of dollars.
Directeur du Mercure Pratika Yuna Prabawangi to declare une rude concurrence et les tendances des taux des véhicules cotisation of the claque son côté moteur prendre des mesures pour la Diversification des produits. Agro-industrielles de la technologie des Anciens IPB ajouter a été, qui initialement environ 70% des recettes of primes sont ciblées société de production est dérivée Contributions of prime devenu aujourd'hui une tendance to moteur les compagnies d'assurance du véhicule.
"Cette année, nous des produits développons to Thurs véhicule moteur et non la fin de 2006 devrait être prime au-dessus 450 milliards of dollars, at-il dit lorsqu'il to contact d'affaires, hier
Actuellement, selon lui, il est six large chi joué dans la couverture d'assurance publique, en plus de l'assurance automobile du Groupe, Sinar Mas Jasindo Thurs et est le principal acteur.
Auparavant, dit-il, les compagnies d'assurances détenues actionnaire un individuel par unites large entreprise de perte de biens assuré, en particulier contre-coated therewith (contreplaqué).
Certains produits d'assurance non-détail des véhicules seront maximizes the al moteur d'assurance shopsowner Pratika Mercury (magasin et atelier), or la santé l'assurance des biens Thurs Emballo est dans des soins à domicile.
Yuna dit qu'il n'est plus JOR-tige de la pêche et Davantage sera axé sur l'amélioration du service à la clientèle assuré à la fois les véhicules et les véhicules non motorized.
Il souligne qu'il a également try to maintenir la qualité de la souscription et des gains of the claims Revenus peuvent être maximizes. sélection des risques des Processus or souscription est une activité des sélecteurs contre le risque de réception de la lettre demande or in délivré une police d'assurance.
Yuna ajouter Demeure optimistic of objectif croissance de la production de la prime de cette année peut être un niveau maintenue to 30% que l'an dernier, malgré les états financiers n'ont pas été 2005 achevées.
Il a un rendement demontro Thurs est en mesure of realizing des primes en 2004 s'élève to USD 222.5 milliards, en Hausa par rapport à l'année précédente for 170 milliards Rp investissements, en Hausa of RP1, 9 milliards d ' USD 4.01 milliards.
L'investissement total l'an dernier, les compagnies d'assurance beraset Rp 291.39 milliards enregistré un investissement total of Rp 183.13 billion, en Hausa par rapport à l'année précédente to Rp 108.29 billion
Directeur du Mercure Pratika Yuna Prabawangi to declare une rude concurrence et les tendances des taux des véhicules cotisation of the claque son côté moteur prendre des mesures pour la Diversification des produits. Agro-industrielles de la technologie des Anciens IPB ajouter a été, qui initialement environ 70% des recettes of primes sont ciblées société de production est dérivée Contributions of prime devenu aujourd'hui une tendance to moteur les compagnies d'assurance du véhicule.
"Cette année, nous des produits développons to Thurs véhicule moteur et non la fin de 2006 devrait être prime au-dessus 450 milliards of dollars, at-il dit lorsqu'il to contact d'affaires, hier
Actuellement, selon lui, il est six large chi joué dans la couverture d'assurance publique, en plus de l'assurance automobile du Groupe, Sinar Mas Jasindo Thurs et est le principal acteur.
Auparavant, dit-il, les compagnies d'assurances détenues actionnaire un individuel par unites large entreprise de perte de biens assuré, en particulier contre-coated therewith (contreplaqué).
Certains produits d'assurance non-détail des véhicules seront maximizes the al moteur d'assurance shopsowner Pratika Mercury (magasin et atelier), or la santé l'assurance des biens Thurs Emballo est dans des soins à domicile.
Yuna dit qu'il n'est plus JOR-tige de la pêche et Davantage sera axé sur l'amélioration du service à la clientèle assuré à la fois les véhicules et les véhicules non motorized.
Il souligne qu'il a également try to maintenir la qualité de la souscription et des gains of the claims Revenus peuvent être maximizes. sélection des risques des Processus or souscription est une activité des sélecteurs contre le risque de réception de la lettre demande or in délivré une police d'assurance.
Yuna ajouter Demeure optimistic of objectif croissance de la production de la prime de cette année peut être un niveau maintenue to 30% que l'an dernier, malgré les états financiers n'ont pas été 2005 achevées.
Il a un rendement demontro Thurs est en mesure of realizing des primes en 2004 s'élève to USD 222.5 milliards, en Hausa par rapport à l'année précédente for 170 milliards Rp investissements, en Hausa of RP1, 9 milliards d ' USD 4.01 milliards.
L'investissement total l'an dernier, les compagnies d'assurance beraset Rp 291.39 milliards enregistré un investissement total of Rp 183.13 billion, en Hausa par rapport à l'année précédente to Rp 108.29 billion
ITechnology: Practice and Culture
In fact, technologically neutral to cultural values, morality and politics? It is believed that this technology provides a system tool-movement values in the region, and also be used to support different types of lifestyles. The rest of the world, said the technology immoral, in addition to accounting, a tool that can be used well or badly. Therefore, this technology is not to blame, and insufficient use manusianya.Dilihat the basic design of machines and operating principles, technology, differs from cultural values. But viewed from a human tissue that surrounds the engine, the technology, it seems, can not be separated from cultural values. Technology is an integral part of human life. We should be able to discern which aspects of cultural values of the technological equipment, the size of the value. As if we respect human activities and technologies, as part of life. The technology should not be regarded simply as machines and technology, but also includes the nature of organization and a certain value. What is technology? In fact, there is still confusion in the development of the concept of "technology". Those who understand the social relations and social management technologies tend to focus on organizational aspects. This is an issue that is important, because often the human factor in technological methods, often ignored, despite the value and individual peculiarities of the technology work. People who think politically, in this part of the organization becomes an important issue. But for others, the technology is identified with the technical aspects (how technology can work to meet the needs). In fact, there are ambiguities in the understanding of cultural aspects. Beliefs and habits of thought of authors and inventors of technology is often regarded as the cultural aspect. But what does that really mean in terms of ideology, organization and technology. When this method is considered in the strict sense, the value of cultural and institutional factors are beyond the technology. In a broader sense, the use of technology is not value free and politically neutral. J.K. Galbraith is a definition of technology at the intersection of broad and narrow sense, illustrated with maps of triangular / triangular (p. 6). He said that technology is a complex activity that includes the organization and values. The role that each person is also increasingly evident. Understand that can cover all of them can be summarized as follows: the application of science and skills through a transparent public institutions, living beings and machines. There is also confusion about the concepts of "technical" and "teknologikal. Limited technical understanding of those who are already known. So when faced with technology, improving the "technology" is being done to improve the technology of work (almost fixed), and "teknologikal calls referred to new discoveries. How to tackle the problem, but not limited to technical aspects and organizational aspects. melatarbelakangiPermasalahan Discover the value often faced with a technological solution and That we often forget the importance of technology in a wider area, Often overlooked budaya.Sangat values necessary for understanding the values underlying the use of technology. Example: current pumps in India. This method is widely used by residents. However, many of the broken pump. It turns out that the root of the problem is not due to technical problems. But also, and administrative issues. many people who using this technology, do not feel responsible for the maintenance of the pump. engineers who developed this pump should know the difference between the hierarchy of values in Which engineers are training and educating people who are untrained. Maybe the bomb, which residents believe is a very powerful tool, and can meet their needs without treatment. You must do research in the social context of traditional society pump.
Perception of what are the dimensions of development (progress), is not it? We tend to focus more on systems of human activity. It 'so hard to understand the general concept that "development" (in progress). Made to measure progress of numerical calculations, which constitute the program. How about how to show serious shortcomings. They tend to be too selective, ie only to see the development of the hand, while another part is not suitable for the development of perkembangannya.Adapun illustrated with diagrams, as its interpretation should be very careful. If the interpretation is too high, they tend to see the opportunities in the future, is only in terms of size, or "linear". Another problem that aggravates the situation is the lack of information and data on the evolution of interpretation terdahulu.Cara Linear effect of expectations for the future. Developed very well in the diagram, which will make people believe he can do in the future. But when you look at the graph in another way, we see that there are violations, demonstrated that the development does not depend so easily and smoothly as itu.Perubahan obtain after a change in the way this view is not visible and important thing happened. At the same time, develop their business is not perfect. Donald Cardwell noted that the real growth is not determined by the most brilliant engineers, but also people with an average capacity in an effort to acquire and use technology effectively. Organising people beberapa KerjaMenurut suatu Maximum work in technology, workers must respect the work Bersama, tutorials, can not have assets that are not mmilik, more sustainable results, more work to improve waktu lama, and accelerate development. It 'important to first determine the capacity of the plant rules, directors, and coordination of workers. The work is intended not just creating goals and working time, but especially labor. The challenge is divided and simplified, and each made by different people. So has the expertise to do the job and slows. The objective is to reduce the wages of individual workers and replaced with a lower cost. Thus, the division of work and success kesulitannya.Banyak deteriorating very ambiguous, as it is defined by a linear fashion, only the advanced technology and human meaning. The service of sustainable progress can lead to erroneous arah.Namun so began the negative effects of simplifying the work already being felt. Opportunity for experts to perform complex tasks in order to feel that their experience is not used properly and tends to decrease over time. In addition, there are teams that will be used more creatively to accelerate, improve governance, and so on. That is why experts generally do not use this option because it can reduce their chances of control results output.Memang no doubt that computerization can help with problems, the complexity of the modern world and reduce the pressure of resources. In addition, the host microprocessor is more compact and energy efficient. However, it seems to reinforce the fact that computerization and centralization of the organization hierarchy in hand modern.Fenomena Rights technological revolution as part of a machine that can replace the position. Hong last if all human beings are replaced by machines or by e-mail. DeductionsTerdapat deterministic two-way forward (progress), ie, linear view "to see the schedule more balanced and stable and prospects that see development in the context of innovation (including its organization). Both are valid, but in principle, the prospect is too linear, simplifying the problem, which can cause a false sense of optimism for the team that developed and deep pessimism in the other groups. This point of view (see the technical side), then it is difficult to avoid. There is no consistency in the application logic, is not flexible. The graph contains no ambiguity and irregularity, because it is a technical reason - is a free contact with humans. These laws, based on internal logic, drives technology "reads" that should guide development. Different views of alternative forms of technological determinism, which shows that technological development is the process of building a stable relationship with people in their development. Then, a series of other social problems, as they say, "cultural lag", where social norms and institutions that do not fit the new developments terakhir.Pola organization must find before the advent of technological innovations. Example: TV is difficult, if not preceded by an increase in knowledge society without the mass media and entertainment, not organizations. We need to understand how the development of our agency for the development of new technologies. Many inventions resulting from presence of social objectives in their minds, but there are also results that led to something harapkan.Dalam progress of modern technology, not just the impact of the means and methods of the society must be understood, but all the agents and components different to support the development and improvement that led to impressive progress in our time. This is a myth, when a cultural lag of any society. As often happens that the technique can not prove, menyesuaikan.Dari because the usual idea that the Technological progress can not be terminated at any time to save? This is because the political objectives behind. It is not too many people who want to stop the development of technologies, but they wanted a decision or vote on how to use it. Movement in the form of progressSatu to try Our new location is looking together in various areas of more general nature in which these elements interact kemajuan.Manusia not machines. He has the ability to make a choice, but the choice is not solely based on what is known. The decision means also a variety of ways to understand the unknown. It is based on a common way of thinking. Innovation is not only the production of rational logic, but also includes the intention and purpose, and reflects the awareness of the opportunities and economic opportunities. innovative movements are generally limited in some areas but in other areas. Example: To increase the production of wheat fields, not only innovation in this sector (quality), but also in the chemical and fertilizers pestisida.Muncul new perspectives that have led to Expectations that the economic downturn view the economy. This, after a bicycle, there are patches and updates. But this approach has other risks. improvement cycle View, that creates an understanding that without human intervention, the process is continued berlanjut.Dalam historical path, there are four long waves of industrialization. Now the citizens of the world was waiting for the fifth round. Industrial development is still a lot of options, and in width. The interpretation of a long wave of industrialization, as a rule, are based on garfik and statistics, which gives only a small part of people's ability. In collaboration with communities, development of case similar to the human habit speaking. When the subject is boring to say, try to replace them with new subjects and develop a theme. What happened to the social and technological evolution. Thus, our attention now, how to preserve the possibility of experience and new developments are still there.
Experience culture Midway TechnologyAdalah result of efforts to resolve the problem, which is only partially understood. To find the best solution, further studies are needed. Even those who believe strongly in research to understand something, do not always expect a lot from him. We know that staff are trained to ignore. They tend to deal with specific problems in a big spending, has blinded them to other aspects. Technology "The best thing you can see the results of characteristics. Refers to the water sector, are less able to apply this idea, I know I do not understand That there are many industries that could use the water to the devastation of technology limbah.Kasus again in the middle, as seen business in the UK. Approximately 15-25% of water is wasted in the UK Because of broken pipes, which are not tested. This fact was not Recognized, tend to think get water. fire the intention of building a new dam and water pipes. This does not solve problems more. So, remember that everything depends not only technically but also includes planning organizations, such as maintenance, utilities, dsb . Layaknya most medical personnel and engineers to think the efforts to cure to prevention. maslaah prevention may seem strange to those who are trained to solve problems. More prediksiDalam many industries, planning is the basis for predicting their future aspirations . Many forecasts overly stressed (overweight), and in some things. weather experts are often chosen this particular area is an area where they are regarded as the most sukses.Contoh where the extreme case of nuclear weapons in America. mispredictions as professionals from working in nuclear research. If nuclear weapons are limited, they are automatically a small role there. Therefore, trying to avoid the ideas of other experts who see this problem with greater precision in terms of technology experts have created the world luas.Para a more dangerous place, They do what they perceive as their job. not only technical issues to be considered, but the political and organizational strength behind it. Consequently, new approaches and values necessary for the professional culture. Problems with various sebabSemakin development of our understanding, our appreciation for what we know as a rule are always the same side, so we got half way to see this technology as a breakthrough. These conflicts arise because we are more inclined to think that the provision of raw materials, rather than on the human factor. Another injury is the usual, is a challenge, because one of the reasons why I was so sederhana.Untuk solution requires only that given the problems that would have been better if it is the opinion of experts the various sectors that could see the difficulties that they understand. confusion arises when we consider the development of a simple explanation, based on a mind. MispersepsiKebiasaan Chapter thinking is limited to technical fields has led to misunderstandings. When the maps described triangular chapter in Galbraith expanded again, can clearly see its value in Problem Areas disalahpersepsikan. the human aspects of technology. This is often ignored. human factors in technology also includes organizational and cultural. In practice, users sometimes calls industry to replace old technologies with new equipment rather than repair. but only to give a creative idea to fix their equipment they had. This means, for example, keeping the industry organization, the activity of people (users). This is an example of design mispersepsi.Para technology experts, usually only see the field (experts) and users tend to ignore the field (the user). When considered practical. This is really high technologies. midway between the technologies that are usually visible only on the level of experience. Thus, teams are often too high and the cost mahal.Yang run is to improve his career prospects in order to limit the number of errors. Therefore, they are not compatible with the growth crisis in the world, but offers solutions. Remember that each problem has many causes, because I can not find a single solution, but in many areas.
Perception of what are the dimensions of development (progress), is not it? We tend to focus more on systems of human activity. It 'so hard to understand the general concept that "development" (in progress). Made to measure progress of numerical calculations, which constitute the program. How about how to show serious shortcomings. They tend to be too selective, ie only to see the development of the hand, while another part is not suitable for the development of perkembangannya.Adapun illustrated with diagrams, as its interpretation should be very careful. If the interpretation is too high, they tend to see the opportunities in the future, is only in terms of size, or "linear". Another problem that aggravates the situation is the lack of information and data on the evolution of interpretation terdahulu.Cara Linear effect of expectations for the future. Developed very well in the diagram, which will make people believe he can do in the future. But when you look at the graph in another way, we see that there are violations, demonstrated that the development does not depend so easily and smoothly as itu.Perubahan obtain after a change in the way this view is not visible and important thing happened. At the same time, develop their business is not perfect. Donald Cardwell noted that the real growth is not determined by the most brilliant engineers, but also people with an average capacity in an effort to acquire and use technology effectively. Organising people beberapa KerjaMenurut suatu Maximum work in technology, workers must respect the work Bersama, tutorials, can not have assets that are not mmilik, more sustainable results, more work to improve waktu lama, and accelerate development. It 'important to first determine the capacity of the plant rules, directors, and coordination of workers. The work is intended not just creating goals and working time, but especially labor. The challenge is divided and simplified, and each made by different people. So has the expertise to do the job and slows. The objective is to reduce the wages of individual workers and replaced with a lower cost. Thus, the division of work and success kesulitannya.Banyak deteriorating very ambiguous, as it is defined by a linear fashion, only the advanced technology and human meaning. The service of sustainable progress can lead to erroneous arah.Namun so began the negative effects of simplifying the work already being felt. Opportunity for experts to perform complex tasks in order to feel that their experience is not used properly and tends to decrease over time. In addition, there are teams that will be used more creatively to accelerate, improve governance, and so on. That is why experts generally do not use this option because it can reduce their chances of control results output.Memang no doubt that computerization can help with problems, the complexity of the modern world and reduce the pressure of resources. In addition, the host microprocessor is more compact and energy efficient. However, it seems to reinforce the fact that computerization and centralization of the organization hierarchy in hand modern.Fenomena Rights technological revolution as part of a machine that can replace the position. Hong last if all human beings are replaced by machines or by e-mail. DeductionsTerdapat deterministic two-way forward (progress), ie, linear view "to see the schedule more balanced and stable and prospects that see development in the context of innovation (including its organization). Both are valid, but in principle, the prospect is too linear, simplifying the problem, which can cause a false sense of optimism for the team that developed and deep pessimism in the other groups. This point of view (see the technical side), then it is difficult to avoid. There is no consistency in the application logic, is not flexible. The graph contains no ambiguity and irregularity, because it is a technical reason - is a free contact with humans. These laws, based on internal logic, drives technology "reads" that should guide development. Different views of alternative forms of technological determinism, which shows that technological development is the process of building a stable relationship with people in their development. Then, a series of other social problems, as they say, "cultural lag", where social norms and institutions that do not fit the new developments terakhir.Pola organization must find before the advent of technological innovations. Example: TV is difficult, if not preceded by an increase in knowledge society without the mass media and entertainment, not organizations. We need to understand how the development of our agency for the development of new technologies. Many inventions resulting from presence of social objectives in their minds, but there are also results that led to something harapkan.Dalam progress of modern technology, not just the impact of the means and methods of the society must be understood, but all the agents and components different to support the development and improvement that led to impressive progress in our time. This is a myth, when a cultural lag of any society. As often happens that the technique can not prove, menyesuaikan.Dari because the usual idea that the Technological progress can not be terminated at any time to save? This is because the political objectives behind. It is not too many people who want to stop the development of technologies, but they wanted a decision or vote on how to use it. Movement in the form of progressSatu to try Our new location is looking together in various areas of more general nature in which these elements interact kemajuan.Manusia not machines. He has the ability to make a choice, but the choice is not solely based on what is known. The decision means also a variety of ways to understand the unknown. It is based on a common way of thinking. Innovation is not only the production of rational logic, but also includes the intention and purpose, and reflects the awareness of the opportunities and economic opportunities. innovative movements are generally limited in some areas but in other areas. Example: To increase the production of wheat fields, not only innovation in this sector (quality), but also in the chemical and fertilizers pestisida.Muncul new perspectives that have led to Expectations that the economic downturn view the economy. This, after a bicycle, there are patches and updates. But this approach has other risks. improvement cycle View, that creates an understanding that without human intervention, the process is continued berlanjut.Dalam historical path, there are four long waves of industrialization. Now the citizens of the world was waiting for the fifth round. Industrial development is still a lot of options, and in width. The interpretation of a long wave of industrialization, as a rule, are based on garfik and statistics, which gives only a small part of people's ability. In collaboration with communities, development of case similar to the human habit speaking. When the subject is boring to say, try to replace them with new subjects and develop a theme. What happened to the social and technological evolution. Thus, our attention now, how to preserve the possibility of experience and new developments are still there.
Experience culture Midway TechnologyAdalah result of efforts to resolve the problem, which is only partially understood. To find the best solution, further studies are needed. Even those who believe strongly in research to understand something, do not always expect a lot from him. We know that staff are trained to ignore. They tend to deal with specific problems in a big spending, has blinded them to other aspects. Technology "The best thing you can see the results of characteristics. Refers to the water sector, are less able to apply this idea, I know I do not understand That there are many industries that could use the water to the devastation of technology limbah.Kasus again in the middle, as seen business in the UK. Approximately 15-25% of water is wasted in the UK Because of broken pipes, which are not tested. This fact was not Recognized, tend to think get water. fire the intention of building a new dam and water pipes. This does not solve problems more. So, remember that everything depends not only technically but also includes planning organizations, such as maintenance, utilities, dsb . Layaknya most medical personnel and engineers to think the efforts to cure to prevention. maslaah prevention may seem strange to those who are trained to solve problems. More prediksiDalam many industries, planning is the basis for predicting their future aspirations . Many forecasts overly stressed (overweight), and in some things. weather experts are often chosen this particular area is an area where they are regarded as the most sukses.Contoh where the extreme case of nuclear weapons in America. mispredictions as professionals from working in nuclear research. If nuclear weapons are limited, they are automatically a small role there. Therefore, trying to avoid the ideas of other experts who see this problem with greater precision in terms of technology experts have created the world luas.Para a more dangerous place, They do what they perceive as their job. not only technical issues to be considered, but the political and organizational strength behind it. Consequently, new approaches and values necessary for the professional culture. Problems with various sebabSemakin development of our understanding, our appreciation for what we know as a rule are always the same side, so we got half way to see this technology as a breakthrough. These conflicts arise because we are more inclined to think that the provision of raw materials, rather than on the human factor. Another injury is the usual, is a challenge, because one of the reasons why I was so sederhana.Untuk solution requires only that given the problems that would have been better if it is the opinion of experts the various sectors that could see the difficulties that they understand. confusion arises when we consider the development of a simple explanation, based on a mind. MispersepsiKebiasaan Chapter thinking is limited to technical fields has led to misunderstandings. When the maps described triangular chapter in Galbraith expanded again, can clearly see its value in Problem Areas disalahpersepsikan. the human aspects of technology. This is often ignored. human factors in technology also includes organizational and cultural. In practice, users sometimes calls industry to replace old technologies with new equipment rather than repair. but only to give a creative idea to fix their equipment they had. This means, for example, keeping the industry organization, the activity of people (users). This is an example of design mispersepsi.Para technology experts, usually only see the field (experts) and users tend to ignore the field (the user). When considered practical. This is really high technologies. midway between the technologies that are usually visible only on the level of experience. Thus, teams are often too high and the cost mahal.Yang run is to improve his career prospects in order to limit the number of errors. Therefore, they are not compatible with the growth crisis in the world, but offers solutions. Remember that each problem has many causes, because I can not find a single solution, but in many areas.
Search Engine Optimization?
Our words and navigate the virtual world you can find SEO search engine optimization. Play Preview online payment program for your regular blogger, entrepreneur understands what is called SEO.
SEO means search engine optimization, the goal is to improve the usability of the contents of all search engines Indekkusuuebupeji. SEO is a large, web-publishing easier, faster web site will be found so popular. SEO In this article we hope to add a thumbnail of your
You internet.ita world of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) to succeed if given the primary purpose of SEO is an important factor in itself. Usually, people will excel in the areas of corporate transactions keywords. For example, the company primarily to provide security services, "the positions for your keywords on search engines like SEO company engaged in the intelligence used.
Search Engine (Gogle, Yahoo, MSN), if the best position, people will easily, then find the business address of our site to be known immediately. Not marketing.
Many factors are our site to determine if a large number of search engines. The title is very important, straight into another line normally and blogosphere in particular.
Title SEO experts will examine the state of search engines. But this is the number one automatic right to our website, and not just a sip of the equipment. More competition, more and more difficult to achieve the first position. The target selecting the right keywords, the search engine index scan will be able, in the audience.
SEO keywords as you write, every word you entered does not leave our site. If you remember the words that high, where we have been much weaker. Enough. Choose a company, we are pleased that Google is irrelevant keywords is said to be warned if you use the black list.
If instead of a list of keywords, something important. It is important that the club has a list of keywords, change your visitors into buyers.
SEO and how?
Makes a great web site. Then updated regularly to search engines, and he has the activity on our site. In addition, the research results in search engines is only good if bisasa regular buyers are quick to leave address or to speed up the mouse.
The Adalagi, SEO, and looking for possible optimization is to spread the relationship. Currently, the software is quite powerful JagoPromo average in terms of the distribution of your site links to other websites. All search engines will continue to work quickly
Traffic is the future.
Facilitate the movement of Wireless congestion
Or cause or on the street to control traffic at the bottleneck will be overcome in the street - the specialist for free in 1990, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), called the study characteristics necessity of progress. Internet and other information technology research and development. Internet and wireless communications.
ITS is a system of wireless communication is used for traffic control information on the wane. Traffic jams and accidents, traffic efficiency and environmental parameters. Users should be reduced, especially the pilot caused by traffic jams, driving a spiritual charge.
ITS has been used for VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) to use, vehicles, etc. (Electronic Toll Collection System) and DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication).
VICS.
VICS is a sine wave and FM 2.5GHz using any combination of information on the wave, or by radiation lighthouse bring traffic in real time.
VICS interaction consists of four main parts to collect information. (Tingkal Local and regional center for traffic control), data processing and display processing information. These data come from the collection. Center for data processing, wastewater treatment plant (VICS) the information. Width of the signal was installed in each vehicle sent to the third building. Vision-building information. You can read secarareal time (Figure 1) video drivers and other places where the data density and Linster.
Vehicle ETC.
Traffic congestion, highway road () in order to pay the entrance and exit occurs, the transaction. I have a good appetite to buy a ticket. This method is called. In developed countries such as Japan, others will pay for the ETC system will automatically be effective in overcoming obstacles to the appropriate port of vehicles on the road.
Please do not stop the car drivers. Please pay or cards. Channel car is ready highway access and direct to leave the second door opens automatically or at the door. ETC toll road and exit the vehicle (Figure 2 vehicles).
5.8 Installing Flash drivers from the System tab contains the drivers for all other frequencies will be deducted from your bank account or credit card, your driver.
DSRC.
5.8 GHz DSRC is the development of CAS using the same frequency, the device is between health and the construction of the station receives a car provided or installed as DSRC operates as a two-way communication station or fast enough. DSRC system, you can use this device, size (DSRC time and fill the parking station, see the information they need.)
Biodiesel from Jatropha
biodiesel technology, mining and petroleum, alternative energy, petroleum and distance
Jatropha (Jatropha oil) has recently started presenting many as an alternative source of biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced from seeds of jatropha oil that normally grow in tropical regions like Indonesia. And studies of the oil produced from these plants in the following discussion, it seems a diesel substitute.
Distance Tamanan jatropha "
Jatropha is the production of biodiesel from jatropha plants, which in English is called "Physics Nut" with a species of jatropha, a plant that is often mistakenly identified with the distance of plants in English is called " a species of castor bean, Ricinus communis.
Both plants are from families of plant classification (family), which is the same, "Euphorbiaceae". None of the classification of plants of the family Euphorbiaceae, is known locally as the plant from Indonesia. jatropha as "sex" in the classification of 12 species of plants, all in a name known locally as "Jatropha".
Besides being known as same room facilities spacing Physics Nut "and" Castor Bean 'is here, mostly in tropical regions like Indonesia, although both types of plants can be obtained from the seeds and extracting oil. Spacing between plants only "Castor Bean" is often associated with the production of ricin poison is very dangerous and is widely used for cancer research, while the biodiesel plant "biofuels closer spacing of information" Physic Nut "or". Although the name of the place, of course, the two units differ greatly both in the form of plant morphology and the resulting oil.
Castor oil in the engine
In mid-2004, DaimlerChrysler, one of the leaders in the automotive industry, successfully tested the use of biomass fuels BTL (for liquids), the first Mercedes-Benz C-Series (Mercedes-Benz C 220, ed.) Distance 5900 km Role of extreme conditions in India (India Daily, 07/19/2004). The fuel is then given the trade name SunDiesel derived from castor oil and is one of DaimlerChrysler to develop a biodiesel program.
The benefits of castor oil as an alternative fuel, in fact, has long been known. For example, through a revised edition published by Gübitz et al (1999) of the journal Bioresource Technology 67, said that the year 1997, the Austrian group, the results of tests of castor oil, posted on a series of diesel engines. Within these observations also said that long before the trial was conducted in 1982, researchers in Japan have also obtained satisfactory results in tests of motor performance when using castor oil in Thailand.
Jatropha oil development in Indonesia
Jatropha oil development in Indonesia through a scientific approach, developed by Dr. Robert Manurung teknologia Institute of Bandung (ITB) since 1997, focusing on the extraction of Jatropha oil. Since 2004, this study was funded by the Mitsubishi Research Institute (MIRI) and the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development (NEDO), Japan (Kompas, 05/12/2005).
Faced with the crisis of fuel shortages and rising fuel prices in Indonesia, the government began to explore alternative sources of energy. Castor oil is beginning to attract serious attention from the government. Once set in motion by the ABI was followed by the IPB, and then with the central government agency, who is a friend and local governments, as the provincial government. East Nusa Tenggara, the state government. West Nusa Tenggara, Pemkab. And Purwakarta Regency Government. Indramayu and public companies such as PT. Pertamina, PT. PLN and PT. Rajawali Nusantara Indonesia (RNI), which work together to develop the castor oil as an alternative fuel. Vocational High School does not lose all sectors of agriculture, the development of the castor oil to take to develop alternative fuels.
Possibility
At least one of optimism in the market for castor oil may be totally open, with the emergence of a declaration of Pertamina President Director of Pertamina, which stipulates that the oil is ready for the distance from the public for the processing and biodiesel (www.pertamina . com, 08/18 / 2005) of housing. Japan also pledged in the Kyoto Protocol for alternative energy products are ready to buy castor oil
Press the remote communication with the "IP Phone"
Unlike our values. communication costs in Japan this time of year in 90 years of age, if the cost per call of 3 minutes was 10 yen, so that the time of long distance calls just 7.5 yen per three minutes for calls International Thefore until 2001. For calls from Japan to Indonesia, about seven minutes, costs about 1000 yen, 1000 yen, but now we can have a conversation Japan - Indonesia for 120 minutes.
There are many factors that cause costs. Communication in Japan is more expensive. The only role of government itself. The telecommunications giant NTT to order on line monopoly this order is issued after the strangulation Japanese experience in the development of broadband technology, ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) broadband technology in Japan until 2001. Range and the neighboring South Korea in 2001, the number of ADSL users in ginseng to 1.5 million in 8000, although it is not just Japan's NTT offer the opportunity to Thep. menggunakancooper ADSL to maintain activity with an ISDN connection to the Internet, at the opening of a place in this line of NTT Cooper, appearing like mushrooms growing provider of ADSL broadband services connected with low cost and with minimum a 5. Mbps (ADSL speeds up to 50Mbps current example).
The rapid development of ADSL technology enables the development of IT in Japan soon. The variety of services in broadband network access, which occur, particularly in the VoIP (Voice over IP), in which the source IP telephony and Internet Protocol communications. As for the development of ADSL before the development of IP phones are not smooth as expected. Because of the challenges posed by NTT contrast with the implementation of IP - service companies will work to NTT Communications is possible during the month of March 2003 IP Phone provides voice communication officer in Japan, providing a range of specific IP numbers. with the prefix 050 phonepelanggan broadband giant Yahoo (Yahoo BB) and before the merger IP phone in Japan in 2002 on charges of using Yahoo BB to let long-distance rates for local and durable slate. 7.5 yen per three minutes.
Notice different sounds to use copper telephone lines. (Fixed) IP Phone uses the Internet as a medium. voice communications from one place to another linememelukan. The negotiations between operators using the same operation interface for operators of liquor and final destination. Operators of long distance communication link more. This is what is needed. Communication becomes expensive. When low (internal communication) and costs less. Rather, the use of distance (great moment for international communication), so the cost increase. Phonesama the other with voice communications over IP are independent of the operators mentioned above. Why the media is a network. Internet. While we are connected. Internet, we can communicate without worrying about the cost of communication that are overloaded.
The IP phone has two aspects of communication such as Internet Phone danIP phone. If the data in the form of sound, in the form of packets sent over the Internet, called Internet Phone If the voice packets are sent. Special Internet Network ISP (Internet Service Provider, ed.), Then this is called IP phone real.
Thep things taken by your IP Phone is a matter of sound quality. The Internet and Mobile IP Phonesama together through the Internet would be seriously affected by traffic conditions (traffic) on the Internet, and when trafficinternet. Time, space and better sound. But beyond the sound quality. incompatible with the sound quality of IP phone license ITU (International Telecommunication Union) should be Delaydan MOS value (average of observations) of at least 4.0 and delay time (delay time) for 100 ms.
ZigBee's wireless future
In general Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) communications maximum length is only 10m. Shorter than the wireless LAN (WLAN). ZigBee and UWB with the Bluetooth WPAN (UWB). Third tekologi now what is the world's attention in terms of technology, WPAN, ZigBee especially since they were new.
ZigBee also in IEEE 802.15 family of standards with Bluetooth (802.15.1) and UWB (802.15.3), IEEE 802.15.4 standard code. Compared to Bluetooth and UWB, ZigBee is the only communication 250kbps speed. The greatest distance communication too short (10m 70m). Zigbee But the advantage is very simple operation, small, inexpensive and requires very little energy (low power) than the other two families, Bluetooth and UWB.
ZigBee uses three frequency bands used in different ways. For the current frequency of 915 MHz used in the U.S., Europe, 868 MHz and 2.4 GHz in Japan. Using IEEE 802.15.4 physical and MAC layer itself. For the upper layers (data link, network and application interface) is determined by the ZigBee Alliance (has 124 companies registered to develop the ZigBee technology until January 2005).
ZigBee is synonymous with Zig and bees. Zig Zig-zag movement and Bee Bee. Since the properties as communication with the communication between the bees make erratic movements in the transmission of information to the bees from one location to other bees. Currently, the brand is used by the ZigBee logo Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Of course, we wonder what you can do with death, but ZigBee communication speed 250kbps, although Bluetooth can communicate with maximum speed up to 3 Mbps, and the first UWB personal communication speeds of 480Mbps. 'S true, ZigBee can not be used for communications with high speed applications like multimedia transmission of voice, video or large amounts of data. But part of our daily life in others, we must get in touch more often to control what information the sensor is not necessary for high speed data transfer. For sensor applications we use today. Sensors such as temperature, humidity, light, pressure and others. Communication between the sensors (sensor networks) is actually needed more at home and factories.
It 'plays this role that ZigBee WPAN through another. ZigBee ZigBee allows nodes 65 000, and communication with the Ad-hoc komunikasimultihop not unexpected. These forms of communication in the form of stars (star) or tree (the tree) can be made without the need to connect the base station or access point ZigBee, so it can be any communication (mesh) carry.
Other possible use batteries unique hands sebuat ZigBee (button type) for one year non-stop ZigBee sensors. With the ZigBee protocol Yang is very simple, ZigBee can provide information of more than 127 characters (127 bytes) only. The details are very small rate of 250kbps ZigBee transmission, and can reduce the host processor. When the PC minimum 32-bit microcomputers Bluetooth ZigBee requires only 4 or 8-bit. In addition, the system initialization takes few seconds Bluetooth, while the ZigBee requires only 30 ms (and state, a bangunya sleep up to 15 ms) only. This is excellent for detecting the speed of operations on / off is urgent.
innovators less good local knowledge
According to Garin Nugroho, director and activist in Indonesia KTVPI many inventors, less so as not to be aware of the Indonesian people themselves.
It seems that this is due to a lack of vision, know ourselves, traveling (Indonesian people) as well. Until now, perhaps, most inventors, know anyone one in Indonesia.
According to Garin, encourage inventions and local knowledge of local culture has increased.
Currently, according to Garin, and science programs, television programs progarm that Indonesian society technological society. Characteristics of three things, first, events and programs offered to people, not the two professionals and three did not demonstrate causality. Built by the eye, regardless of the display technology, and more on the magic. This is when you understand, because most consumes our society significantly in this new technology.
Instead, society and technology, based mainly in developing countries, and even movies and culture of Ireland. That is also, in light of fantasy, with elements teknologinya.Seperti stories by e-mail or talk shows.
In Asian countries, Korea, for example, the general manager of television, one in second place after the President, because of the large impact. In Indonesia, public really is not broadcasting anymore. But now, when the state television, to be free from government submitted. Because of the critical situation that should be increased generally in various acts of compromise.
According to Garin is now necessary that entertainment programs and science and technology. It seems that so far has failed to eduteinment programs (education Enterteinment).
This is because development means thinking in science and technology are difficult to transfer the program to be easily accepted (acceptable), and easy to use. While science is a creative thinking and hard work, and discuss new technologies for children to explore.
According to Garin, 1994, the curriculum, the science is not considered an integral part of training. While the technology is appropriate, for example, be available in a simple and effective for students in the discussion of the curriculum.
He, for example, and Japan. For example, waste management, and technology. There Deprtemen Education and Culture, Japan initiated a way to get students on their packaging waste for lunch and not used in three places, to teach the plastic, paper and aluminum. It is said that the three elements of functionality, so that it is easier if the separation of recyclables.
Therefore, to be present at an early stage, which is not a difficult science and appropriate.
According to Garin, where it was possible for us to explain the science and technology on the nature of the world consider practical and realistic, simple and other menguaraikan. Do I have to pack in an interesting, challenging but interesting and attractive to children with sufficient understanding of the science, depending on the level of understanding.
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